Document Type

Article

Publication Date

7-31-2026

Journal / Book Title

Family Relations

Abstract

Objective: This study examined trauma-informed practice (TIP) legislation introduced across the United States in 2022, identifying policy trends and evaluating the influence of political affiliation on TIP implementation, particularly in education settings.

Background: Childhood trauma affects emotional regulation, learning, and long-term health. Although TIP has gained national attention, there is no standardized federal framework, resulting in inconsistent support for students across states.

Methods: Using secondary data from the Institute on Trauma and Trauma-Informed Care, 313 TIP-related legislative proposals were analyzed. Thematic analysis identified key focus areas, and chi-square tests examined relationships between legislative control, policy adoption, and school-focused legislation.

Results: Of the 313 bills introduced, 93 were enacted (30%). Excluding states with divided legislative control (n = 4), most passed laws were in Democratic-controlled states (68%, n = 61). Common themes involved the creation of a new workforce or program, leadership training, and other education-focused supports.

Conclusion: TIP policy remains uneven across states and appears to be influenced by political context.

Implications: Findings suggest that a more coordinated federal approach could help build on existing work, reduce inequities, and better support trauma-responsive education across all states.

DOI

10.1111/fare.70194

Rights

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License.

Published Citation

Thevaraja, A. P., Linver, M. R., Stewart, P., & Chontow, K. (2026). A bioecological policy analysis of trauma-informed practice: Implications for families, schools, and communities. Family Relations, 75(4), 2461–2478. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.70194

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