Date of Award

5-2025

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

College/School

College of Science and Mathematics

Department/Program

Biology

Thesis Sponsor/Dissertation Chair/Project Chair

Christos Suriano

Committee Member

Elena Petroff

Committee Member

Carlos Molina

Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key mediators of innate immunity, but emerging evidence suggests that they also play critical roles in the functioning of the central nervous system. This thesis explores the function of TOL-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of mammalian TLRs, in sensory neurobiology and behavioral responses to nutritive food. In particular, carbon dioxide and ethanol are commonly encountered in microbial environments and can signal metabolically active food sources or potential pathogens. Using tol-1 loss-of-function mutants, neuronal rescue lines, and a combination of molecular, tissue imaging, and behavioral assays, we demonstrate that TOL-1 functions in chemosensory neurons to regulate feeding behavior by avoiding carbon dioxide when satiated. With regards to ethanol, another metabolite secreted by their principal food source, C. elegans TOL-1 regulates physiological responses as well as learned aversion in response to ethanol exposure. With regards to immunological homeostasis, TOL-1 deficiency results in increased oxidative stress, reduced pharyngeal pumping, and heightened sensitivity to ethanol-induced toxicity. These findings highlight a conserved neuroimmune mechanism through which TOL-1 modulates sensory neurobiology and ingestive behavior in C. elegans, positioning TLRs as central to circuit functioning and behavior.

File Format

PDF

Available for download on Wednesday, May 20, 2026

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