Heat-Activated Persulfate Oxidation of Sulfamethoxazole in Water
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2015
Journal / Book Title
Desalination and Water Treatment
Abstract
Heat-activated persulfate to produce highly reactive sulfate radicals (Formula presented.) to oxidize sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in water was studied. The SMX degradation rate was significantly influenced by the reaction temperature, persulfate dose, initial pH, and co-existing anions. Higher temperature achieved higher degradation rate. The calculated activation energy for hot persulfate oxidation of SMX was approximately 130.93 kJ/mol. The degradation rate constant was proportional to the persulfate dose. An alkaline condition favored the SMX degradation. Effects of anions on the SMX degradation were species-dependent. Cl−, (Formula presented.) , and (Formula presented.) inhibited the SMX degradation, to different degrees. In contrast, (Formula presented.) accelerated the treatment. The SMX decomposition was associated with hydroxylation, sulfonamide bond breakage, and oxidation of the amine groups. Toxicity tests revealed production of more toxic products. Therefore, appropriate post-treatments need to be considered to address the undesirable byproducts.
DOI
10.1080/19443994.2014.960471
MSU Digital Commons Citation
Gao, Yu Qiong; Gao, Nai Yun; Deng, Yang; Yin, Daqiang; Zhang, Yan Sen; Rong, Wen Lei; and Zhou, Sheng Dong, "Heat-Activated Persulfate Oxidation of Sulfamethoxazole in Water" (2015). Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works. 328.
https://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/earth-environ-studies-facpubs/328
Comments
This article is available under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license and permits non-commercial use of the work as published, without adaptation or alteration provided the work is fully attributed.