Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2019
Abstract
It has previously been shown that high dietary salt impairs vascular function independent of changes in blood pressure. Rodent studies suggest that NADPH-derived reactive oxygen species mediate the deleterious effect of high salt on the vasculature, and here we translate these findings to humans. Twenty-nine healthy adults (34 ± 2 yr) participated in a controlled feeding study. Participants completed 7 days of a low-sodium diet (LS; 20 mmol sodium/day) and 7 days of a high-sodium diet (HS; 300 mmol sodium/day) in random order. All participants were salt resistant, defined as a ≤5-mmHg change in 24-h mean BP determined while on the LS and HS diets. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to assess cutaneous vasodilation in response to local heating (42°C) during local delivery of Ringer’s (n > 29), 20 mM ascorbic acid (AA; n > 29), 10 μM Tempol (n > 22), and 100 μM apocynin (n > 22). Additionally, endothelial cells were obtained in a subset of participants from an antecubital vein and stained for nitrotyrosine (n > 14). Cutaneous vasodilation was attenuated by the HS diet compared with LS [LS 93.0 ± 2.2 vs. HS 86.8 ± 2.0 percentage of maximal cutaneous vascular conductance (%CVCmax); P < 0.05] and was restored by AA during the HS diet (AA 90.7 ± 1.2 %CVCmax; P < 0.05 vs. HS). Cutaneous vasodilation was also restored with the local infusion of both apocynin (P < 0.01) and Tempol (P < 0.05) on the HS diet. Nitrotyrosine expression was increased on the HS diet compared with LS (P < 0.05). These findings provide direct evidence of dietary sodium-induced endothelial cell oxidative stress and suggest that NADPH-derived reactive oxygen species contribute to sodium-induced declines in microvascular function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY High-sodium diets have deleterious effects on vascular function, likely mediating, in part, the increased cardiovascular risk associated with a high sodium intake. Local infusion of apocynin and Tempol improved microvascular function in salt-resistant adults on a high-salt diet, providing evidence that reactive oxygen species contribute to impairments in microvascular function from high salt. This study provides insight into the blood pressure-independent mechanisms by which dietary sodium impairs vascular function.
DOI
10.1152/ajpheart.00786.2018
Montclair State University Digital Commons Citation
Ramick, Meghan G.; Brian, Michael S.; Matthews, Evan; Patik, Jordan C.; Seals, Douglas R.; Lennon, Shannon L.; Farquhar, William B.; and Edwards, David G., "Apocynin and Tempol Ameliorate Dietary Sodium-Induced Declines and Cutaneous Microvascular Function in Salt-Resistant Humans" (2019). Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education Scholarship and Creative Works. 4.
https://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/exersci-physed-facpubs/4