Title

Examination of explicit and implicit emotions and relationship with the intention to support breastfeeding in public: a descriptive study

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

4-1-2023

Journal / Book Title

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Abstract

Objectives

Current social norms in the United States do not favor breastfeeding in public. This study examined associations between college students’ explicit and implicit emotions of breastfeeding in public and their intention to support public breastfeeding.

Methods

Twenty-two student participants viewed images of a breastfeeding woman with a fully-covered, fully-exposed, or partially-exposed breast in a public setting. After viewing each image, participants’ explicit emotions (self-reported) of the image were measured using a questionnaire and their implicit emotions (facial expression) were measured using FaceReader technology. We examined if a relationship exists between both emotions [toward images] and intention to support breastfeeding in public using correlation techniques. We determined the relative influence of two emotions on the intention to support breastfeeding in public using regression analyses.

Results

The nursing images depicting a fully-covered breast (r = 0.425, P = 0.049 vs. r = 0.271, P = 0.222) and fully-exposed breast (r = 0.437, P = 0.042 vs. r = 0.317, P = 0.150) had stronger associations with explicit emotions and intention to support breastfeeding in public compared to implicit emotions and intention. Breastfeeding knowledge was associated with a positive explicit emotion for images with partial- (β = 0.60, P = 0.003) and full-breast exposure (β = 0.65, P = 0.002).

Conclusions

Explicit emotions appear to drive stated intentions to support public breastfeeding. Further research is needed to understand the disconnect between explicit and implicit emotions, the factors that influence these emotions, and whether stated intentions lead to consistent behavior.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2023.28.2.114

Published Citation

Overgaard KD, Dinour LM, Kerrihard AL, Bai YK. Examination of explicit and implicit emotions and relationship with the intention to support breastfeeding in public: a descriptive study. Korean J Community Nutr. 2023 Apr;28(2):114-123. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2023.28.2.114

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