Examination of explicit and implicit emotions and relationship with the intention to support breastfeeding in public: a descriptive study
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
4-1-2023
Journal / Book Title
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
Abstract
Objectives
Current social norms in the United States do not favor breastfeeding in public. This study examined associations between college students’ explicit and implicit emotions of breastfeeding in public and their intention to support public breastfeeding.
Methods
Twenty-two student participants viewed images of a breastfeeding woman with a fully-covered, fully-exposed, or partially-exposed breast in a public setting. After viewing each image, participants’ explicit emotions (self-reported) of the image were measured using a questionnaire and their implicit emotions (facial expression) were measured using FaceReader technology. We examined if a relationship exists between both emotions [toward images] and intention to support breastfeeding in public using correlation techniques. We determined the relative influence of two emotions on the intention to support breastfeeding in public using regression analyses.
Results
The nursing images depicting a fully-covered breast (r = 0.425, P = 0.049 vs. r = 0.271, P = 0.222) and fully-exposed breast (r = 0.437, P = 0.042 vs. r = 0.317, P = 0.150) had stronger associations with explicit emotions and intention to support breastfeeding in public compared to implicit emotions and intention. Breastfeeding knowledge was associated with a positive explicit emotion for images with partial- (β = 0.60, P = 0.003) and full-breast exposure (β = 0.65, P = 0.002).
Conclusions
Explicit emotions appear to drive stated intentions to support public breastfeeding. Further research is needed to understand the disconnect between explicit and implicit emotions, the factors that influence these emotions, and whether stated intentions lead to consistent behavior.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2023.28.2.114
MSU Digital Commons Citation
Overgaard, Kaitlin; Dinour, Lauren M.; Kerrihard, Adrian; and Bai, Yeon K., "Examination of explicit and implicit emotions and relationship with the intention to support breastfeeding in public: a descriptive study" (2023). Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Scholarship and Creative Works. 128.
https://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/nutr-foodstudies-facpubs/128
Published Citation
Overgaard KD, Dinour LM, Kerrihard AL, Bai YK. Examination of explicit and implicit emotions and relationship with the intention to support breastfeeding in public: a descriptive study. Korean J Community Nutr. 2023 Apr;28(2):114-123. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2023.28.2.114
Comments
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).