Investigating the inhibitory effects of EC16 & CF2 formulations on endospore forming Bacillus megaterium & Bacillus subtilis

Endospore germination by Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis can pose a significant challenge for researchers seeking to inhibit bacterial growth. During spore germination, the bacterium undergoes a complex process that involves the condensation of its genetic material, the formation of a specialized cell wall and membrane, and the accumulation of protective proteins and other molecules. The end result is a spore that can survive in extreme conditions, such as high temperatures or dry environments, for extended periods of time. When conditions become favorable again, the spore can germinate and grow into a vegetative bacterium. Without the inhibition of spore formation and germination, contaminations and infections can become present. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of two treatments, palmitoyl-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (P-EGCG), containing formulations (EC16) and CF2, in inhibiting spore germination of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. P-EGCG is a green tea polyphenol with anti-bacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The Rapid Agar Plate Assay (RAPA) was used in this study. The treatments were pre-applied on an agar plate or applied after the surface is contaminated. Time kill suspension tests were also performed to assess their effectiveness on the spores. The results indicated that both treatments were effective in inhibiting spore germination. This study provides evidence that EC16 and CF2 have anti-bacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties and can inhibit spore formation by Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. These findings have important implications for the development of new treatments to combat bacterial infections, especially for those endospore formers. Future research should explore the potential of these treatments in clinical settings and investigate the mechanisms by which they inhibit spore formation.