Start Date
30-11-2020 3:45 PM
End Date
30-11-2020 5:00 PM
Access Type
Open Access
Abstract
Plants – from lush rainforests to desert shrublands – map climatic differences on the landscape. The waxy molecules coating plant leaves are some of the most resilient biochemicals made by plants and they contribute to the sedimentary legacy of past environment, archived in deep sea sediments. The International Ocean Discovery Program has recently drilled the two largest submarine fans in the world, the Bengal Fan (Expedition 354) and Indus Fan (Expedition 355). These megafans yield thick deposits of dominantly terrestrial organic matter derived from the GangesBrahmaputra and Indus River systems respectively. In addition, legacy cores from the Gulf of Aden (Expedition 24) contain wind-blown terrestrial organic material from NE Africa. From each of these expeditions we have uncovered a record of vegetation and climate change. Plant waxes are key to this story as their C isotopic composition reflects photosynthetic pathway and their H isotopic composition that of precipitation. Dual analyses in the same plant wax molecules allow climate and ecology to be tracked in tandem. Using this approach, we answer longstanding questions as to whether changes in monsoon rainfall coincided with the expansion of C4 grasslands.
Biography
Dr. Feakins is an Associate Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of Southern California. She received her Ph.D. from Columbia University and was a NOAA Postdoctoral Fellow at Caltech. Sarah has worked on Indian Ocean deep sea drilling cores for the past 20 years – since her senior thesis at Oxford University. She served for 3 years on the Science Evaluation Panel for the IODP, and is an author of the Science Framework for the mission of IODP through 2050. USC postdoc Camilo Ponton and graduate student Hannah Liddy sailed as shipboard scientists on Indian Ocean IODP Expeditions 354 and 355.
Additional Links
ORCID
0000-0003-3434-2423
Climate change and ecosystem transformation: Plant wax evidence from Indian Ocean drilling
Plants – from lush rainforests to desert shrublands – map climatic differences on the landscape. The waxy molecules coating plant leaves are some of the most resilient biochemicals made by plants and they contribute to the sedimentary legacy of past environment, archived in deep sea sediments. The International Ocean Discovery Program has recently drilled the two largest submarine fans in the world, the Bengal Fan (Expedition 354) and Indus Fan (Expedition 355). These megafans yield thick deposits of dominantly terrestrial organic matter derived from the GangesBrahmaputra and Indus River systems respectively. In addition, legacy cores from the Gulf of Aden (Expedition 24) contain wind-blown terrestrial organic material from NE Africa. From each of these expeditions we have uncovered a record of vegetation and climate change. Plant waxes are key to this story as their C isotopic composition reflects photosynthetic pathway and their H isotopic composition that of precipitation. Dual analyses in the same plant wax molecules allow climate and ecology to be tracked in tandem. Using this approach, we answer longstanding questions as to whether changes in monsoon rainfall coincided with the expansion of C4 grasslands.