Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-1-2023

Journal / Book Title

Frontiers in Psychology

Abstract

Introduction: Extensive research has shown a close relationship between spatial abilities and success in STEM disciplines because many STEM problems often require students to reason about spatial information. Everyday spatial behaviors may predate and facilitate the development of spatial skills. Therefore, the current study examined children’s everyday spatial behaviors and their associations with broader child development outcomes and individual differences. Methods: Based on previous research, we developed an everyday spatial behaviors questionnaire for children (ESBQC). A total of 174 parents and their children aged 4–9 years old participated. In ESBQC, parents rated how much difficulty their children experience with different spatial behaviors, such as putting together a puzzle, retracing a route, or hitting a moving ball. Results: Factor analysis revealed 8 components in ESBQC. The internal reliabilities were relatively high. ESBQC was positively correlated with age but not with sex. Furthermore, ESBQC predicted sense of direction, even after considering age and bias associated with parent reports. Discussion: Our questionnaire may provide a useful tool for parents and other stakeholders to better understand everyday spatial behaviors and encourage interest and competence in spatial skills, ultimately promoting STEM learning in informal, everyday settings.

DOI

10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1117771

Rights

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).

Published Citation

Yang Y, Conde Santiago S, Lasc D, Hershkovich A and Grove L (2023) Informal STEM learning: Examples from everyday spatial behaviors. Front. Psychol. 14:1117771. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1117771

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