Document Type
Preprint
Publication Date
1-1-2024
Journal / Book Title
Neuropsychology
Abstract
Objective: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently demonstrate deficits in working memory and in multiple domains of math skills, including underdeveloped problem-solving and computation skills. The Baddeley model of working memory posits a multicomponent system, including a domain-general central executive and two domain-specific subsystems—phonological short-term memory and visuospatial short-term memory. Extant literature indicates a strong link between neurocognitive deficits in working/short-term memory and math skills; however, the extent to which each component of working/short-term memory may account for this relation is unclear. Method: The present study was the first to use bifactor (S·I-1) modeling to examine relations between each working/short-term memory subcomponent (i.e., central executive, phonological short-term memory, and visuospatial short-term memory), ADHD symptoms, and math skills in a clinically evaluated sample of 186 children ages 8–13 (Myears = 10.40, SD = 1.49; 62 girls; 69% White/non-Hispanic). Results: Structural equation modeling indicated that all three working/short-term memory components exert a significant and approximately equal effect on latent math skills (β =.29–.50, all p <.05) and together explain 56% of the variance in children’s math achievement (R2 =.56). Exploratory analyses indicated that teacher-reported ADHD inattentive symptoms provided a small but significant contribution to predicting latent math skills (ΔR2 =.07) and accounted for 24% of the central executive/math association. Conclusions: These findings suggest that math difficulties in children with ADHD and clinically evaluated children without ADHD are associated, in large part, with their neurocognitive vulnerabilities in working/short-term memory and, to a lesser extent, overt ADHD symptoms.
DOI
10.1037/neu0000920
MSU Digital Commons Citation
Gaye, Fatou; Groves, Nicole B.; Chan, Elizabeth S.M.; Cole, Alissa M.; Jaisle, Emma M.; Soto, Elia F.; and Kofler, Michael J., "Working Memory and Math Skills in Children With and Without ADHD" (2024). Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works. 699.
https://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/psychology-facpubs/699
Rights
HHS Public Access Author manuscript Neuropsychology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2025 January 01. Published in final edited form as: Neuropsychology. 2024 January ; 38(1): 1–16. doi:10.1037/neu0000920.